Updating a package version

sfdx force:package:version:list --packages 0Ho1n000000k9bcCAA

=== Package Versions [1]
Package Name  Namespace  Version Name  Version  Subscriber Package Version Id  Alias             Installation Key  Released  Branch
────────────  ─────────  ────────────  ───────  ─────────────────────────────  ────────────────  ────────────────  ────────  ──────
CSTQueue                 ver 0.1       0.1.0.1  04t1n0000021jxDAAQ             cSTQueue@0.1.0-1  true              false

sfdx-project.json

{
    "packageDirectories": [
        {
            "path": "force-app",
            "default": true,
            "package": "CSTQueue",
            "versionName": "ver 0.1",
            "versionNumber": "0.1.0.NEXT"
        }
    ],
    "namespace": "",
    "sfdcLoginUrl": "https://login.salesforce.com",
    "sourceApiVersion": "46.0",
    "packageAliases": {
        "CSTQueue": "0Ho1n000000k9bcCAA",
        "CSTQueue@0.1.0-1": "04t1n0000021jxDAAQ"
    }
}

Assume some update and so a new version needs creating to allow deploy.

sfdx force:package:version:create -p CSTQueue -d force-app  --installationkey <password> --wait 10

sfdx-project.json has been updated.
Successfully created the package version [08c1n000000k9bmAAA]. Subscriber Package Version Id: 04t1n0000021jxhAAA
Package Installation URL: https://login.salesforce.com/packaging/installPackage.apexp?p0=04t1n0000021jxhAAA
As an alternative, you can use the "sfdx force:package:install" command.

sfdx-project.json

{
    "packageDirectories": [
        {
            "path": "force-app",
            "default": true,
            "package": "CSTQueue",
            "versionName": "ver 0.1",
            "versionNumber": "0.1.0.NEXT"
        }
    ],
    "namespace": "",
    "sfdcLoginUrl": "https://login.salesforce.com",
    "sourceApiVersion": "46.0",
    "packageAliases": {
        "CSTQueue": "0Ho1n000000k9bcCAA",
        "CSTQueue@0.1.0-1": "04t1n0000021jxDAAQ",
        "CSTQueue@0.1.0-2": "04t1n0000021jxhAAA"
    }
}

sfdx force:package:version:list --packages 0Ho1n000000k9bcCAA

=== Package Versions [2]
Package Name  Namespace  Version Name  Version  Subscriber Package Version Id  Alias             Installation Key  Released  Branch
────────────  ─────────  ────────────  ───────  ─────────────────────────────  ────────────────  ────────────────  ────────  ──────
CSTQueue                 ver 0.1       0.1.0.1  04t1n0000021jxDAAQ             CSTQueue@0.1.0-1  true              false
CSTQueue                 ver 0.1       0.1.0.2  04t1n0000021jxhAAA             CSTQueue@0.1.0-2  true              false

{
  "status": 0,
  "result": [
    {
      "Package2Id": "0Ho1n000000k9bcCAA",
      "Branch": null,
      "Tag": null,
      "MajorVersion": 0,
      "MinorVersion": 1,
      "PatchVersion": 0,
      "BuildNumber": 1,
      "Id": "05i1n000000k9bcAAA",
      "SubscriberPackageVersionId": "04t1n0000021jxDAAQ",
      "Name": "ver 0.1",
      "NamespacePrefix": null,
      "Package2Name": "CSTQueue",
      "Description": null,
      "Version": "0.1.0.1",
      "IsPasswordProtected": true,
      "IsReleased": false,
      "CreatedDate": "2019-07-29 20:31",
      "LastModifiedDate": "2019-07-29 20:31",
      "InstallUrl": "https://login.salesforce.com/packaging/installPackage.apexp?p0=04t1n0000021jxDAAQ",
      "Alias": "CSTQueue@0.1.0-1"
    },
    {
      "Package2Id": "0Ho1n000000k9bcCAA",
      "Branch": null,
      "Tag": null,
      "MajorVersion": 0,
      "MinorVersion": 1,
      "PatchVersion": 0,
      "BuildNumber": 2,
      "Id": "05i1n000000k9bhAAA",
      "SubscriberPackageVersionId": "04t1n0000021jxhAAA",
      "Name": "ver 0.1",
      "NamespacePrefix": null,
      "Package2Name": "CSTQueue",
      "Description": null,
      "Version": "0.1.0.2",
      "IsPasswordProtected": true,
      "IsReleased": false,
      "CreatedDate": "2019-07-30 23:52",
      "LastModifiedDate": "2019-07-30 23:52",
      "InstallUrl": "https://login.salesforce.com/packaging/installPackage.apexp?p0=04t1n0000021jxhAAA",
      "Alias": "CSTQueue@0.1.0-2"
    }
  ]
}

Promoting a package to be installed in production

sfdx force:package:version:create -p NameOfPackage -d force-app -x --wait 10 -n major.minor.patch.build

So the major.minor.patch.build might be 0.3.0.1 as an example. Note in code to promote 0.3.0.1 changes to 0.3.0-1

sfdx force:package:version:promote --package NameOfPackage@major.minor.patch-build 

sfdx force:package:version:list --packages NameOfPackage

Check that you have the latest to install.